Wermuth+Helga

**Department:** Engineering Chemistry (Hungarian Line)

 * Date of birth**: 19th June 1988

Week 4-activity 1
Scientists launched the Human Genome Project, and they search the ethical, legal and social problems. Genetic researches have to be helpful for everybody.

Source:Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Genetic Knowledge

Week4-activity 2 ** Gene Research ** The word “gene” comes from a Greek word “genos” that means ancestry. Genes are polynucleotide sections in a cell’s core, which include information regarding the production and regulation of proteins. Genes were discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822- January 6, 1884), an Austrian monk and scientist. He made studies about the inheritance of certain traits in plants. Mendel observed that the inheritance of these traits follows particular laws. His work was recognized just after he died, at the turn of the 20th Century. After not to much, in 1869, a Swiss physician and biologist discovered the nucleic acids. Johannes Friedrich Miescher (August 13,1844–August 26,1895) isolated various phosphate-rich chemicals, which he called ”nuclein”. He was paving the way for the identification of DNA as the carrier of inheritance. With the passing of time, Gene Research has developed, and now people are able to clone genes, cells or even human beings. The gene cloning began at 1970, when Herber Boyer and Standy Cohen grafted one germ’s gene, in another germ’s. Nowadays, Science and Technology are much more developed, hence the cloning has improved. Cloning could be natural or synthetic. Synthetic cloning refers to molecular, cellular and whole organism cloning. By cloning we can help many people who suffer from different diseases, but it isn’t that simple. There are ethical, social and legal questions about gene cloning. In 1996 Human Genome Project (HGP) was established. The aim of this project was to reveal the whole human genome, until the nucleotide’s level, and to identify all the genes, that it contains. (Genome is the whole hereditary information of the organism, which is encoded in the DNS.) Gene Research has both advantages and disadvantages, and scientists are aware of it. That’s why the founders of HGP created a program to explore the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of new genetic knowledge. There are many questions arising about gene research: //Who should have access to personal genetic information, and how could it be used?// //Who owns and controls genetic information?// //How does personal genetic information affect an individual’s and Society's perceptions of that individual?// //How does genomic information affect members of minority communities?// //Do people's genes make them behave in a particular way?// //Can people always control their behavior?// //What is considered acceptable diversity?// //Where is the line between medical treatment and enhancement?// //Are GM foods and other products safe to humans and the environment?// //How will these technologies affect developing nations' dependence on the West?// It is important that everybody to benefit from genetic research, and no one be harmed.

Week6- Activity What is the name of the program? Caring Relationship Tickets

What is the Japanese motivation system called? Brownie Points. What is the author's explanation for the expression "brownie points"? What domestic activities did the author pay his son and daughter for? What is the reward if not money?